How to Tell the Difference Between Glaucoma Symptoms and Normal Vision Changes

As we age, changes in vision are common - and often harmless. Needing more light to read, struggling with small print, or experiencing mild eye fatigue can all be part of normal aging. However, some vision changes may signal a more serious condition like glaucoma. Knowing the difference is critical, because glaucoma often causes permanent vision loss before noticeable symptoms appear.

At Texas State Optical, we believe patient education and comprehensive eye exams are the best defense against preventable vision loss. Understanding what’s normal - and what’s not - can help protect your sight for years to come.

What Is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, which is responsible for sending visual information from the eye to the brain. This damage is often associated with increased intraocular pressure, but glaucoma can occur even when eye pressure appears normal.

Because glaucoma usually develops slowly and painlessly, it’s often called the “silent thief of sight.” By the time symptoms become noticeable, vision loss may already be significant and irreversible.

Normal Vision Changes vs. Possible Glaucoma Symptoms

Normal Vision Changes

These changes are common with aging and are usually manageable with updated prescriptions or lifestyle adjustments:

· Gradual difficulty focusing on close objects (presbyopia)

· Mild glare or halos around lights, especially at night

· Eye strain after long periods of screen use

· Slightly slower adjustment between light and dark environments

While these changes can be inconvenient, they typically do not indicate optic nerve damage.

Possible Glaucoma Symptoms

Glaucoma symptoms can be subtle or absent in early stages. When symptoms do appear, they may include:

· Gradual loss of peripheral (side) vision

· Tunnel vision in more advanced stages

· Blurred or patchy vision

· Eye pain, redness, or pressure (more common in acute forms)

· Headaches or nausea associated with eye discomfort

· Sudden vision changes or seeing halos around lights

Because these symptoms can overlap with other conditions - or be mistaken for normal aging - professional evaluation is essential.

Why Comprehensive Eye Exams Matter

The most reliable way to detect glaucoma is through a comprehensive eye exam. Many people with glaucoma feel no discomfort and notice no visual changes until permanent damage has occurred. Regular eye exams allow eye doctors to detect early signs before vision is affected.

At Texas State Optical, comprehensive eye exams go beyond reading letters on a chart. They include specialized testing designed to evaluate eye pressure, optic nerve health, and overall visual function.

Glaucoma Testing and Diagnostic Tools

Tonometry

Tonometry measures the pressure inside your eye. Elevated intraocular pressure is a major risk factor for glaucoma, making this test a critical screening tool.

Ophthalmoscopy

Ophthalmoscopy allows your eye doctor to examine the optic nerve for signs of damage or changes in appearance that may indicate glaucoma.

Supplemental Glaucoma Tests

In some cases, additional testing is needed to fully assess glaucoma risk or progression:

· Perimetry (Visual Field Testing): Measures peripheral vision to detect blind spots or vision loss that may not be noticeable to the patient.

· Gonioscopy: Examines the drainage angle of the eye to determine the type of glaucoma and guide treatment decisions.

· Pachymetry: Measures corneal thickness, which helps interpret eye pressure readings more accurately.

Together, these tests provide a comprehensive picture of eye health and glaucoma risk.

Who Is at Higher Risk for Glaucoma?

You may be at increased risk if you:

· Are over age 40

· Have a family history of glaucoma

· Have diabetes, high blood pressure, or other systemic conditions

· Are highly nearsighted or farsighted

· Have experienced eye injury or long-term steroid use

If you fall into any of these categories, regular eye exams are especially important.

Protect Your Sight Before Symptoms Appear

While some vision changes are a natural part of aging, others may be warning signs of glaucoma - a condition that can cause permanent vision loss without early symptoms. Because glaucoma cannot be detected based on symptoms alone, comprehensive eye exams and advanced diagnostic testing are the most effective way to protect your vision. Early detection allows for early treatment, which can slow or prevent further damage and help preserve sight for life.

If it’s been a while since your last eye exam - or if you’re noticing changes in your vision - schedule a comprehensive eye exam at Texas State Optical.  Visit our office in Buda, Texas, or call (512) 991-8656 to book an appointment today.