Dry vs. Wet Macular Degeneration: What’s the Difference?

Macular degeneration is a common eye condition and a leading cause of vision loss, especially in individuals over the age of 50. There are two main types of macular degeneration: dry and wet. Understanding the differences between them is key to early detection, appropriate treatment, and preserving vision.
 

What Is Dry Macular Degeneration?

Dry macular degeneration is the most common form, accounting for about 85–90% of all cases. It occurs when the macula gradually thins with age and tiny yellow deposits called drusen accumulate under the retina. Over time, these changes can cause blurry or distorted vision and may progress slowly.

Common Symptoms of Dry Macular Degeneration:

• Blurry vision, especially when reading

• Difficulty recognizing faces

• Visual distortions, such as straight lines appearing wavy

• Need for brighter light when doing close-up work

While dry macular degeneration typically progresses more slowly, it can still lead to significant vision impairment if not monitored and managed properly.
 

What Is Wet Macular Degeneration?

Wet macular degeneration is less common but far more serious. It occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow under the retina and leak fluid or blood, causing rapid damage to the macula. Vision loss with wet macular degeneration can happen suddenly and is often more severe.

Common Symptoms of Wet Macular Degeneration:

• Rapid onset of vision distortion or loss

• Dark or empty spots in the central vision

• Straight lines appearing crooked

• Colors appearing less vivid

Immediate medical attention is crucial with wet macular degeneration to help preserve as much vision as possible.
 

Why Routine Eye Exams Are Essential

Macular degeneration can develop without noticeable symptoms in the early stages - especially the dry form. Regular medical eye exams are essential for early detection, allowing your optometrist to monitor changes, offer lifestyle recommendations, and begin treatment if necessary.

During a medial eye exam at Texas State Optical, we use advanced imaging technologies like optical coherence tomography (OCT) to detect even the smallest changes in the macula. If caught early, progression of both types can often be slowed, and in the case of wet macular degeneration, vision-saving treatments like anti-VEGF injections can be initiated promptly.
 

Protect Your Vision at Texas State Optical

Understanding the difference between dry and wet macular degeneration is vital for protecting your vision. While dry AMD progresses slowly, wet AMD can lead to sudden and severe vision loss. Regular medical eye exams are the best defense against undetected progression, ensuring timely care and a personalized treatment plan.

If you're over 50 or have a family history of macular degeneration, schedule a medical eye exam at Texas State Optical and take a proactive step toward preserving your vision. Visit our office in Buda, Texas, or call (512) 991-8656 to book an appointment today.